A. History Emblem
Before the Red Cross symbol was adopted as a neutral symbol to give aid to wounded soldiers on the battlefield, at the time that each military medical services have a badge with their own colors different. Austria for example, using the white flag. France uses a red flag and yellow flag of Spain to use.
As a result, even though the army knew what a badge of their medical personnel, but usually they do not know what medical personnel identification of their opponents. Medical services was not regarded as a neutral party. But seen as part of the unity of the army, so that identification is not providing protection but also regarded as a target for enemy soldiers who do not know what it means.
As a result, even though the army knew what a badge of their medical personnel, but usually they do not know what medical personnel identification of their opponents. Medical services was not regarded as a neutral party. But seen as part of the unity of the army, so that identification is not providing protection but also regarded as a target for enemy soldiers who do not know what it means.
Gradually the idea emerged that led to the importance of adopting Emblem that offers a neutral status to those who helped victims of injury and ensure their protection also helps on the battlefield. Interest requires choosing only one symbol. But the problem then, is to decide the form of symbol that will be used by volunteer medical personnel on the battlefield. In a period of time, a white armband considered as one possibility. However, the white color has been used in armed conflict by carrying white flag of truce, in particular to declare surrender. The use of white can cause confusion, so to look for a possibility of another symbol.
A delegation from the International Conference in 1863 finally chose the Red Cross Symbol on white base, the color reverse of the Swiss national flag (white cross on a red base) as a form of respect for the state of Switzerland's International Conference on facilitating the ongoing moment. The shape of the Red Cross also provides a technical advantage because votes have a simple design so easily recognizable and easy to make. Later in the year 1863, the International Conference met in Geneva and agreed to adopt the Red Cross Symbol on white base as the association identification assistance for wounded soldiers - who later became the National Society of the Red Cross. In 1864, the Red Cross Symbol on a white base was officially recognized as a badge of the armed forces medical services.
Red Crescent emblem
A delegation from the 1863 Conference did not have the slightest intention to display a symbol of particular interest, by adopting the Red Cross on a white base. But in 1876 when the Balkan war, a humanitarian worker who was captured by the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) was murdered simply because they wore armbands with the image of the Red Cross. When the Kingdom requested clarification on this point, they emphasize the sensitivity of the royal army against the bar-shaped symbol, and proposed that the National Society and the military medical services they are allowed to use a different symbol of the Red Crescent. This idea is slowly beginning to accept and receive such approval in the form of "reservation" and the 1929 International Conference formally adopted as a symbol that is recognized in the Convention, together with Emblem Red Lion and Sun on a white base which was selected by the Persians ( current Iran). In 1980, the Republic of Iran decided to no longer use the symbol and choose to use the Red Crescent symbol.
Development Emblem: Crystal Red
International Conference on the 29th in 2006, an important decision that is born, the adoption of the Red Crystal symbol as a symbol of movement and the fourth has the same status as any other symbol of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. International Conference of the Red Crystal symbol legalizing it, adopted the Additional Protocol III of the addition of the Red Crystal symbol for the Movement, which was passed earlier in the Diplomatic Conference in 2005. The proposal makes the fourth symbol, the Red Crystal, is expected to be the answer, as the symbol of the Red Cross and Red Crescent could not be used and 'enter' into a region of conflict. Like it or not, need to realize that there are many parties other than the Movement who think that the symbol associated with the symbols of particular interest.
Use the Red Crystal symbol itself at the end of memilliki two options: can be used in full by a National Society, in the sense of replacing the Red Cross symbol or the Red Crescent which has been used previously, or use the Red Crystal symbol in a certain time when no other symbol can be accepted in an area. That is, both the National Society, the ICRC and the Federation was able to use the Red Crystal symbol in a humanitarian operation without changing the policy change completely Emblem.
B. Symbol Conditions
Form and use
Provisions concerning the form and use of the Emblem of Red Cross and Red Crescent in:
1. Geneva Convention I of Article 38 to 45
2. Geneva Convention II, Article 41 to 45
3. 1 Geneva Protocol of 1977
4. Decree of the International Conference of the Red Cross in 1965 XX
5. Work Movement Council of Delegates of the Red Cross and International Red Crescent in 1991
In use, the placement of the Red Cross Symbol and Red Crescent Societies should not be until it touches the bottom edge and white. Emblem should be intact and not allowed to add pictures, drawings or writings. In the Red Crescent symbol, the face (to the right or left) is not specified, it is up to the Society of use.
Furthermore, rules for the use of symbol and the National Association for the institutions that collaborated with the National Society, for example, fundraising and other social activities listed in the "Regulations on the Use of the Emblem of the Red Cross and of the Red Crescent by the National Societies". These regulations, adopted in Budapest in November 1991, entered into force since 1992.
C. Function Symbol
Has determined that the symbol has a function to:
- Identification tags are valid at the time of peace
- SignsProtection soften prevailing peace and war / conflict
When used as an identification mark, symbol should be small in size, serves also to remind that the above institutions work in accordance with the Basic Principles of the Movement. Use of Symbol as identification tags also shows that a person, a vehicle or a building associated with the Movement. Therefore, movement in the organization can manage technically Identification tags such as the use of uniforms, buildings, vehicles and so on. The use of symbol as an identification mark must be based on national legislation concerning national symbol for the Society.
If the symbol is used as a protective sign, symbol should lead to an automatic reaction to exercise restraint and respect between the combatants. Symbol should always be displayed in its original form. In other words, no nothing that added to her - either to the Red Cross or Red Crescent on a white base. Because the symbol should be recognizable from a distance as far as possible, its size should be large, which is necessary for the war situation. Symbol indicates the protection of:
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Medical and religious personnel of the armed forces -
Unit and the armed forces medical facilities -
Unit and the National Association of medical transportation when used as perbantuan of the armed forces medical services -
Medical equipment.
D. Emblem abuse
Each participating country to the Geneva Convention have an obligation to make rules or laws to prevent and reduce misuse Emblem. Countries in particular need to endorse a regulation to protect the symbol of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Thus, the use of symbol is not allowed by the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols is a violation of law. The forms of abuse Symbol:
Impersonation (Imitation):
The use of signs that may incorrectly interpret as a symbol of the Red Cross or the red crescent (eg color and shape similar). Usually used for commercial purposes.
Inappropriate Use (Usurpation):
Use of the Red Cross emblem or the red crescent by groups or individuals (commercial companies, non-governmental organizations, individuals, private doctors, pharmacists, etc.) or the use of symbols by a person who has the right but used for purposes incompatible with the Basic Principles of Movement ( for example someone who has the right to use symbols, but use it to get through the border more easily when not in duty).
Violation of Terms of Use / Violation Weight (Perfidy / Grave misuse)
Use of the Red Cross emblem or the red crescent in wartime to protect the armed combatants or military equipment (such as ambulance or helicopter marked with a symbol to carry armed combatants; ammunition landfills are covered by the flag of the Red Cross) will be treated as war crimes.
