At the end of the first world war most of the regions in Europe is very chaotic, ruined the economy, the population decreased drastically because of the epidemic. A large number of refugees who are poor and those who do not have to meet the continent's citizenship. The war is very clearly show the need for strong cooperation between the Red Cross Society for his activities in wartime can attract thousands of volunteers.
Henry P. Davison, President of the War Committee of the American Red Cross, proposed an international conference on medical (April 1919, Cannes, France) to "red cross federasikan associations from various countries into an organization equivalent to the league of nations; in terms of world war to improve health , prevent disease and relieve suffering. "
Henry P. Davison, President of the War Committee of the American Red Cross, proposed an international conference on medical (April 1919, Cannes, France) to "red cross federasikan associations from various countries into an organization equivalent to the league of nations; in terms of world war to improve health , prevent disease and relieve suffering. "
League of Red Cross Society and Red Crescent then formally established with headquarters in Paris by the Red Cross Society of France, England, Italy, Japan, the United States on May 5, 1919 with the primary purpose of improving health in countries that have suffered after the war. League was also aimed to 'strengthen and integrate health activities that already exist in the Red Cross Society and to promote the formation of new associations.' An important part of the work the Federation is to provide and coordinate assistance for victims of natural disasters and epidemics. Since 1939 permanent headquarters has been located in Geneva. In 1991, the decision was made to change the name League of Red Cross Society to the International Federation of Red Cross Society and Red Crescent Societies, or IFRC (International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societis).
Furthermore, both the IFRC, ICRC and National Society, is a component part of the Red Cross Movement and the Red Crescent or commonly called the "Movement" course. Components of the Movement carry out their duties according to the Basic Principles and their respective mandates, as mentioned in the Statute of the Movement.
International Committee of the Red Cross / International Committeee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
As a private and independent institution, the ICRC acted as a neutral mediator between two warring nations or enemies in international armed conflicts, armed conflicts and non-international in cases of international violence. In addition, also tried to ensure that victims of violence on both civilians and military, receive protection and help.
In cases of international armed conflict and non-International, ICRC's humanitarian action is based on the Convention and the protocol-the protocol. This is the reason why we say that a special mandate has been entrusted to the ICRC by the community of participating countries such conventions. In cases of internal violence, the ICRC to act based on humanitarian initiatives such as the rights listed in the Statute of the Movement.
The ICRC is the protector of the Basic Principles of the Movement and decision makers on the recognition-association of the National Society, which by that they became an official part of the Movement. ICRC worked to develop the HPI, explains, disseminate and promote the Geneva Conventions. The ICRC is also carrying out obligations imposed on him under these Conventions and ensure that the conventions were implemented and developed if necessary.
National Association / National Society
National Society of Red Cross and Red Crescent humanitarian organization that is there in every member state signatories to the Geneva Conventions. No country can have more than one National Society. Before a new association approved by the ICRC and the Federation members, several strict requirements must be met. According to the Statute of the Movement, the National Association of the newly formed, must be approved by the ICRC. In order to obtain approval from the ICRC, the National Society must meet the 10 requirements are:
• Established disuatu States Parties to the Geneva Convention 1949
• The only Association AM / BSM in the country was the National
• Recognized by the Government of His country
• Use the name and symbol of the Red Cross or Red Crescent
• Being independent
• Expanding activities in all regions
• Organized in carrying out his duty and carried out throughout the country
• Receive members regardless of background
• Approving the Statute of the Movement
• Respect Basic Principles and the Movement carry out their duties in line with the principles of HPI
The International Federation of the Red Cross Society and Red Crescent / International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
The entire National Association is a member of the IFRC. The agency supports humanitarian activities undertaken by the National Association on behalf of vulnerable groups and act as a spokesperson and as their international representative. The Federation supports the National Society and the ICRC in its efforts to develop and disseminate knowledge about the HPI and promote the Basic Principles of the Movement.
Statute of the Movement
Statute of the Movement is one of the bases that determine the structure and responsibilities of the ICRC, the Federation, and the National Society. Statute of the Movement organized in 1928. Later revised in 1952 was revised again in 1986, precisely at the International Conference of the 25 that took place in Geneva.
ICRC Statute
ICRC statutanya set in 1915. Since then they've revised it several times. In particular, they reflect and develop the main points of the mind Statute Article 5 Movement. To be more precise, in addition to what was already mentioned above, the statute states that the ICRC should be:
- Protect and promote respect for the Basic Principles of the Movement, as well as the dissemination of knowledge of international humanitarian law (HPI) that can be used in armed conflict;
- Recognizing the National Association established pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Statute of the Movement;
- The task given by the Geneva Conventions and ensure that the HPI be faithful view;
- Providing protection and assistance, in his capacity as a neutral mediator to the military and civilian victims of armed conflict and to manage, run the Central Agency Search;
- Carry out the mandate entrusted to him by the International Conference.
Statute of the Federation
Statute of the Federation decided that the responsibility of the Federation as follows:
- Acting as a liaison and coordinating body of the Society's permanent-National Association;
- Provide assistance to the National Society may require and ask;
- Promoting the establishment and development of the National Society;
- Coordinate relief operations conducted by the National Society in order to help victims of natural disasters and refugees in places where there is no armed conflict.
Statute of the National Society
Each National Society has its own statutes. While it may differ from one another, that the statute should reflect the spirit of movement and attention to the general provisions in the Statute of the Movement. It should be noted that the set of "model statute" is available for digunalan by the National Society. The purpose for making the model in 1952 not to be used as the sole rule for all but the National Association to realize the principles of the Convention and the Movement, which is a universal application. The model statute has been changed to many times and deserves to be a guideline for the new National Association of statutanya create their own designs.
