FRACTURE

DEFINITIONS

• The loss of continuity (discontinuity)
• Bone, cartilage, joints, cartilage epiphyseal
• Total or partial
• Result: a pathological mobility, loss of bone support functions, great pain

MECHANISM

• As a result of giving the force / stress on the excessive bone, single or multiple (overloading force)
• Style is happening: turn, bend, along the axis of the bone, pull, mixed
• Trauma caused by direct or indirect

CLASSIFICATION

AETIOLOGICAL

1. Trauma, trauma due to a sudden
2. Pathological, abnormal bone with mild trauma
3. Stress, the constant emphasis

CLINICAL

1. Closed fracture, - no relation with the outside world
2. Open fracture, - no relation with the outside world
3. Fracture with complications (neglected) - malunion, delayedunion, infection, nonunion

RADIOLOGIST

1. Localization diafisis, metaphysical, intraartikuler,
2. Configuration transverse, oblique, kominutif, impaksi, wedges, etc.
3. Extension total, partial, greenstick
4. The relationship between fragment Angulasi, overridding, distraction

CLINICAL EXAMINATION
 

Case Trauma - ATLS
Primary survey

1. Airways
2. Breathing
3. Circulation

Secondary survey
Anamnesis

• The mechanism of trauma, limb dysfunction, often people can feel the existence of a fracture

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 

Look / inspection

• Compare this with a healthy
• Deformities that occur
• Wounds and bleeding
• Injured elsewhere

Feel / palpation

• Vaskularisasi sign of disturbance in the distal fracture region
• Neurological examination
• Krepitasi, motion pain, tenderness, pain axis?? - Do no harm

RADIOLOGIST
Plain

• 2 seems the most adjacent joints
• At least 2 projections (AP - Lateral)
• Do X-rays in children in the healthy side as a comparison
• X-rays done on other bone fractures that are often experienced together (Fr. Femur and pelvis, fr. Calcaneus and lumbar)
• Absolute fracture treatment

CT Scanning
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

MANAGEMENT
Principle:

1. Best repositioning
2. Keep the repositioning
3. Rehabilitation

Pre-hospital emergency

1. Stabilization: splint, collar / neck brace
2. Stop the bleeding: dressing press
3. Prevent contamination: wash wounds, fractures do not let fragments repositioned without adequate washing

Hospital / definitive
Acceptable reposition

• Contacts> 50%
• Angulasi <
• Rotation (-)

Keep repositioning

• Traction bone / skin
• Plaster cast (casting)
• Internal fixation
• External fixation

Rehabilitation

• Restore limb function
• Preventing arising penyulit (dekubitus, myositis)
• Helps the healing process of bone and joint movement